The structure of an electric jigsaw: what does an electric jigsaw consist of?

The jigsaw device consists of several elements, primarily a mechanism with a saw and an electric motor. The tool allows you to make cuts of different depths in wood, plastic, drywall, metal and other materials. The main elements of which it consists, as well as the principle of operation of the device, are described in detail in this material.

How the tool works

The jigsaw device includes 2 main systems - mechanical and electrical. The first is represented by a gearbox, which provides the necessary pressure during operation of the saw. The second is connected to the engine or battery that powers the mechanism. Both systems are discussed in more detail below.

Mechanical system

The design of an electric jigsaw can begin to be described from the mechanical system. It is based on a gearbox, during operation of which the necessary force is provided to move the saw through the thickness of wood or other material. Typically, devices are equipped with gear reducers having one gear. Although in powerful tools for the professional sphere there are two of them.

Along with the gearbox, the mechanical circuit of the jigsaw includes other elements:

1. The guide plane, also called the base plate. It is made from a metal base, such as steel or high-density aluminum.Provides adjustment of the desired cutting angle, so that work is performed with high precision.
2. Roller system – allows you to conveniently move the device on a plane in any direction. This is a very reliable element; it is included in the Fiolent jigsaw and almost all other models.
3. Another component is the body. It is made of high-density plastic with metal inserts. Along with the coating itself, it also has a comfortable handle. It can be shaped like a staple or a mushroom. In the first case, it is more convenient to work by holding the tool from above relative to the part, in the second - from below.
4. If we talk about what a jigsaw consists of, we can also mention a file. This is the main consumable item that is constantly replaced. Moreover, the specific model of the file depends on what material you need to work with. The main selection criteria are the size and frequency of the teeth.
5. Cloth fastening system - it is most convenient to use models with clamps. There is also an option for mounting with screws that need to be constantly unscrewed and tightened by hand.

Electrical system

The operating principle of a jigsaw is connected to a motor that transmits impulse to the mechanical part, including the file. The electrical system is represented by a motor, which consists of a rotor, stator, brush holder and copper winding.

There is also a button on the body that starts the engine (closes the electrical circuit). It not only supplies voltage, but also regulates the frequency of movement. The electrical system is also represented by a capacitor. It relieves the voltage that remains on the copper winding after the device stops operating. This element periodically fails and needs to be replaced.

Additional items

It is also useful to know what a jigsaw consists of and what additional elements ensure its operation. These include:

1. External connection – it allows you to connect a vacuum cleaner, which immediately removes sawdust, shavings and dust generated during operation. This ensures long-term operation of the device and improves the quality of the cut.
2. Rotate the file – with this option, the file can be rotated in any direction at an angle of 360°. This is a useful addition to the jigsaw design when it is used to make rounded cuts.
3. The angle lock at which the file is located helps to understand how the jigsaw works. If this function is not present, you will not be able to make a figured cut.
4. Backlight – a small flashlight, usually installed on battery-powered models. Convenient when you have to work in the dark.
5. Laser level - the need for this part of the jigsaw increases when you need to make the most accurate cut. Saves time, which is especially important when many cuts are performed at once.
6. Pumping is a pendulum stroke that imparts additional movement to the saw in the reverse stroke. Thanks to this, it is easier to work with loose wood, and the productivity of the device and cutting speed increases. Typically, the electrical circuit of a jigsaw involves choosing between several pendulum speeds (up to 4).

Operating principle of the device

If you know how a jigsaw works, the principle of its operation will become clear. By pressing the start button, the user completes the electrical circuit. The energy is transferred to the motor, which begins to pick up speed immediately or gradually (if there is a smooth ride option).

A torque arises - the rotating movements of the motor through the gears transmit impulse to the saw, which moves in a reciprocating manner.

By moving the tool along the surface, for example, of a wooden workpiece, the operator cuts the material to the desired depth. Here you need to remember what an electric jigsaw consists of. As a rule, it is equipped with an angle lock, with which you can make a cut of any shape. These and other parts of the jigsaw periodically wear out and must be replaced.

Unlike a manual device, an electric one operates using a battery or mains power. In the first case, we are talking about medium-power models that are optimally suited for domestic purposes. If you plan to make cuts for a long time, it is better to buy a tool that runs on electricity. This is what is most often used in professional workshops.

Thus, the jigsaw mechanism consists of several elements connected to each other. The housing contains a motor powered by a battery or a regular 220 V electrical network. It transmits energy to the mechanical system, thanks to which it is possible to cut at different angles.