The device of a lawn mower: the principle of operation of the trimmer, its varieties and device diagrams

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An electric trimmer accidentally breaks down, and you don’t even know the primitive circuit diagram of the equipment? It’s difficult to figure out the details: what to turn and where, where to insert and what part needs to be purchased? We'll help you understand how a line grass trimmer works with some helpful tips and notes. This article is aimed at helping a beginner understand the structure of a lawn mower and its electric counterpart, understand the operating principle and components. Let's get started!

Devices of electric scythes and gasoline models

Structural part and el. The trimmer diagram is no different from model to model, so we will analyze all the parts step by step. The electric trimmer circuit is quite simple, and even a beginner can easily understand it.

Engine and working part

The structure of any electric trimmer is presented as follows: a motor, shaft and cutting components are attached to a long metal pipe.They can be located either close to one another or in different parts of the instrument (at the top and bottom, which is more favorable for work). The structures are connected by a strong rod - a shaft. Shaft installation is determined by several options:

1. In a straight rod, the design is simple: rotational actions are transmitted from the motor to the working spindle, and it starts the cutting head of the device.
2. A flexible cable is attached to the curved rods inside - there is no shaft as such.
3. If the engine in the electric trimmer circuit is located in the lower part, then it does not require a shaft at all. Everything works directly: the working torque is transferred directly from the motor to the spool, without “intermediaries”.

Structural basis: fastening handles and rod device

The bar differs in its density. Electric trimmer devices have flexible, straight or retractable (telescopic) rods. In the middle of the rod there is basic electronics, which starts the device: a stopper, start buttons and speed settings, a cable for adjusting the gas supply (for brush cutters).

The handle can be moved at any time to simplify operation of the device. It is enough to unscrew a few hex bolts and set the optimal distance. You will not break anything in principle with the operation of a gasoline trimmer!

Belt system

Often, if the braid is too heavy, an additional belt is included. It is installed on a separate trimmer mount and reduces the load on the worker’s body, and also increases the stability of the device in the hands. This is especially important when you use steel knives.

Working basis: what is hidden in it

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To protect the mower, a plastic protective cover is installed in front of the working part.It also allows you to set the optimal distance of the fishing line so as not to mow with meter-long pieces of wire - they will get tangled and will not give any effect on the grass.

What can be installed on the spool:

• Reel with line guide (for plastic wire);
• Plastic knives (typical for an electric trimmer);
• Steel knives with sharp teeth (for lawn mowers).

There are semi-automatic reels. Their advantage is that they independently extend the line when you press on the mowing surface. The main thing is to monitor the amount of wire in the line layer. The excess length, if it happens to be pulled out, is cut off with a blade on a plastic casing.

How does a gas and electric trimmer work?

The garden tool works as follows: when you start the motor and press the button, the shaft begins to rotate. The movement from the motor is transmitted along the shaft (if needed) to the working spindle. An attachment (line or knife) is pre-installed on it. When touching grass or weed at high speeds (from 3 to 12 thousand revolutions per minute), the nozzle cuts off the surface. The quality of mowing directly depends on the speed of the trimmer and the serviceability of the working attachment.

What are the features of a gasoline and electric scythe?

Several performance indicators depend on the type of tool and the energy it uses: productivity, maintenance, speed, weight and other points. Let's look at the design features of electric and gasoline trimmers separately.

How does a gasoline trimmer work and what are its main differences?

The main thing worth highlighting is that the motor is located only on top. There is also a fuel tank and starter. An internal combustion engine operates in several stages before directly applying operating torque to the shaft:

Fuel mixture enters the chamber (composition of gasoline and oil in a ratio of 1 to 50);

• Mixture compression;
• Fire;
• Formation of flammable gases;
• Combustion products push the piston system, releasing energy for working movements.

Gasoline vehicles use two types of engines: two-stroke and four-stroke. The first system makes only two movements in one cycle - up and down, and the crankshaft rotates once. Accordingly, in four-stroke engines there are 4 revolutions and 2 rotations of the crankshaft.

You cannot use regular gasoline for a two-stroke engine. It is necessary to mix the special composition with oil in a ratio of 1:50. In another type of engine, everything is poured separately: gasoline into one container, and the oil part into another. Each of the substances does not mix with the other during operation.

The 4-stroke version is more powerful and economical than the two-stroke version; noise and vibration are also lower than the competitor. However, 2-stroke options are quite popular, as they are comparatively cheaper and easier to manufacture. You will find motors in the most popular mower models (for example, Shtil or Bosch).

The gasoline engine is started using a recoil starter. It is located behind the motor part. It is enough to pull the cord several times until it stops, and the engine will start. Before starting the starter, press the device's power button, otherwise the circuit will not work.

There is also an analogue - an electric starter. It allows you to start the device with just one press of a button or turn of a lever.

To turn off the power to the device, just press the handle button. The number of revolutions per minute is also regulated there. The easiest way is to forcefully press the release key.

A gasoline trimmer can operate on gasoline alone for about 40-60 minutes.It is recommended to take breaks every 15-20 minutes so that the motor does not overheat, then your device will last much longer than with continuous operation - proven by experience and practice.

How does an electric trimmer work?

How does an electric trimmer work? The engine no longer runs on fuel, but on a 220-volt network or battery.

If in the first option the operating radius is limited by the length of the cable or extension cord, then in the second option it is limited by the battery charge.

Electric models differ from gasoline models in their low power. They are great for mowing the lawn, but hardly suitable for working on tough weeds. In addition, it is not recommended to install metal knives on them - only plastic or fishing line.

The motor in electrical devices is located both below and above. To start the device, you do not need a starter - just turn on the start button. This technique works for about 20-30 minutes without breaks, then it takes a little time for the motor to cool down.

What other trimmer options can you find?

The devices are separated not only by the quantity and quality of fuel, but also by design. It is customary to select portable models (with handles and a belt) or on wheels - these are enough to start and just roll around the site.

There are also “exotic” products – gasoline trimmers with a backpack. It houses the engine, fuel tank and mountings. The base is a flexible hose with a cutting part.

How to set up the trimmer before work

Before you start working on the site, you should complete the preparatory steps:

1. Adjust the length of the handles and belt, lubricate the gearbox with a special compound.
2. Check the condition of the filters.
3. Fill the tank with the composition or charge the battery (optional).
4. Plug the electric trimmer into an outlet.
5. Wind the line onto the spool before installation or prepare the knives.
6. Inspect the attachments and boom for damage. Do not use knives with chipped parts or without sharpening.

The procedure for preparing the device may differ depending on the characteristics and manufacturer of the scythe; in this case, instructions from the manufacturer will never be superfluous. It is worth studying it in detail, and only then getting to work based on the rules and regulations you have read.