Precision conditioner: what is it? Operating principle and diagram
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If you previously thought that an air conditioner cools the air only for your pleasure and comfort, then you were deeply mistaken. There is one device without which server centers simply burn from the heat, and computers melt when it is not installed. Of course, we are talking about a precision air conditioner. In this article, we will take a closer look at the structure and functions of the device.
The content of the article
Precision air conditioner - what is it?
We tell you here and now. This is a device that helps maintain several parameters in a room at once: air temperature, humidity percentage and air mass circulation activity.
Precision air conditioning is a detuning:
- range of temperature variability within 0.5-1 degrees Celsius;
- humidity variability up to 5%;
- work with the environment ranging from +50 to -60 Celsius.
At the same time, precision air conditioners have incredible accuracy and can easily withstand loads that are not subject to traditional split systems.
The device is installed where even a couple of minutes without temperature control can lead to a disaster and colossal material losses.
The main point, without which a precision air conditioner circuit is impossible, is the presence of backup power. If it turns out that the main one is turned off, then an alternative power supply (battery units or entire autonomous generators) is automatically connected.
Which industries use air conditioning systems?
The use of uninterrupted cooling or heating of air in such areas as:
- telephony stations - automatic telephone exchanges or their hardware rooms;
- mobile communication nodes;
- remote stations based in container boxes;
- billing centers;
- data centers of IT companies, computer rooms.
In premises where expensive industrial equipment is located, pharmacists also use the operating principle of precision air conditioning. Biologists also work in laboratories. There, new plant breeds are bred or unique varieties are crossed.
High-precision production (cosmetics, medications) cannot do without a reliable air conditioner.
You won’t believe it, but that’s not all - even in museums and institutes where particularly valuable and ancient exhibits are stored, precision equipment is used, but at a more budgetary level than in the first industries presented. There is no need for precise technology here.
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Precision air conditioner: principle of operation, diagram
The complexity of the apparatus indicates its multifaceted internal structure. Required elements of the system:
- indoor unit (looks like a whole cabinet);
- outdoor unit
In the first, air is transferred to the system for further processing and supply back to the room. The second contains an air cooler or condenser. The first is installed when the circuit operates on liquid condensation.
In addition to the above structures, here are the main parts an air conditioner should have:
- water pump;
- evaporator;
- throttle;
- filtration systems;
- electric heaters;
- humidifiers;
- air coolers;
- tuning and shut-off valves.
The rest is a variable component of each model, which will differ in functionality and range of previously considered indicators.
Precision air conditioning - how it works
The main points, without going into the structure of each part, are as follows: first, the gaseous component is compressed in the cooling element. Then it goes into the capacitor. There, the air, under the influence of the refrigerant, gets rid of its heat and is transferred to other systems.
The next stage is passage through a special choke. The result of the procedure is a noticeable decrease in the temperature and pressure of the coolant.
In this state, the entire “mixture” is transferred to the evaporator. The mass again turns into a gaseous state and returns to the condenser, and the already evaporated air enters the room and changes the state of its temperature, humidity and other aspects.
What is a precision air conditioner and its types?
Since the design of all devices in this field may differ, it is customary to consider three main types of precision air conditioning:
- ceiling;
- closet;
- interrow.
Based on the method of cooling the air mass, it is customary to distinguish between liquid and gaseous ones, taking the determined coolant as the basis for the classification - it can be water or ethylene glycol.
Each option has its own distinctive features.For example, liquid is used as a system for bringing air parameters to ideal; and a cabinet air conditioner - for large areas such as telecommunications or cellular communications.
Each of the described devices must have a backup power system, otherwise the functionality of the equipment is simply reduced to nothing. Therefore, whenever main power is interrupted, sufficient power must be provided from other sources.
We hope you understand what a “precision conditioner” is and what it is needed for. Write your questions in the comments!
