Construction of a Russian stove

The Russian stove has a fairly simple structure, although it has many components that perform different functions. The principle of its operation has been proven for centuries and remains unchanged to this day. As for the design, it is constantly being improved. What are the features of the Russian stove and how does it function?

Construction of a Russian stove

Even a couple of centuries ago it was difficult to find two identical stoves. This happened because each owner made small changes to both the internal structure and the external decoration. The design of a traditional stove has constantly undergone changes and become more complex. The entire structure is placed on a foundation, which must be located at a certain interval from the wall (usually about 17 cm).

The names of the main elements of the structure - you can clearly see them in the diagram:

1. An oven is a place used for drying logs.
2. Guardianship is the foundation of the structure.
3. The stove is a recess in front and at the top that improves heat transfer. It is used for drying things.
4. The crucible is a so-called cooking chamber in which various fuels are burned and then food is prepared. The chamber arch is made at an angle towards the entrance. Thanks to this, the heated air stays at the top, heats the stove bench and the side walls of the stove.
5. Damper - closes the furnace.
6. The six is ​​a special compartment in front of the mouth, which is located in front of the crucible. The lateral walls of the mouth are called cheeks.
7. Hailo - located in front of the mouth above the pole. It is a socket into which smoke escapes during the operation of the stove. From this area, the smoke enters the smoke exit pipe.
8. Below is the bottom of the furnace. It is built at a certain slope towards the camera. This is done to ensure unhindered passage of kitchen appliances inside. The surface of the hearth should be smooth.
9. The overpipe is a separate recess where smoke collects. A pipe runs above it to allow the smoke to escape.
10. A view is a cast iron plate with a hole that is closed with a lid. Located in the chimney. Thanks to it and the valve, you can control the draft.
11. A lounger is an area where you can sit down to relax. It is located on the back side of the chimney. During the process of lighting the stove, this place begins to heat up quickly.

Operating principle of the furnace

The mechanism of action of such a device is quite simple. The air moves not only under the influence of natural draft created by the chimney, but also due to the peculiarities of the fuel combustion process. Cold air from outside passes into the mouth and meets a mass of smoke coming towards it. When they meet, they do not touch or mix - the air goes above, the smoke - below. Having met at the outlet and mouth, air masses exchange heat with each other, and natural gas-air heat exchange occurs.

REFERENCE! Those who want to build a stove need to know how it functions. Heated air penetrates the combustion zone, and flue gases leave it from above through the firebox. They exit through the mouth and hilo, and then into the chimney pipe. This does not happen instantly, of course.The combustion elements make a couple of circles inside the firebox and finally burn out. At the same time, they give off heat to the surface of the stove. This happens because the chamber is built at an angle and there is a threshold in it.

Types of Russian stoves

There are main types of buildings:

1. Classic stove with a stove bench. This is a common version of such a structure.
2. The stove with stove is a more modern and convenient design. It does not include a bed. In summer, the main purpose is the process of cooking, and in winter, the main use is to warm up the house.
3. Mini oven. This type of mechanism is very small in size and is used only for cooking.
4. Heating device with fireplace.

How and how to heat a Russian stove

Coal or wood are usually used as fuel. In this case, it is better to use logs made of pine or birch. They are distinguished by longer burnout and heat retention. Nowadays coal can be bought in various stores, but you can make it yourself. To obtain good charcoal, you need to select firewood of a similar size and cut off as many branches and branches as possible. They are laid in the shape of a well, and sprinkled with splinters on top. This is done to ensure they tan quickly. To obtain uniform coal, you should heat it so that the heat remains for a long time. To do this, the device is heated with a large batch of firewood.

IMPORTANT! Daily heating of such a unit has its own individual characteristics. For example, the ignition site should be located as close to the mouth as possible. Then, when it flares up well enough, it is advanced into the furnace. This requires special dexterity, as in the process of tossing logs.

Usually the logs are simply thrown into the firebox, and then driven into the furnace with a poker. Firewood should be heated slowly and gradually, in several passes, without loading a large amount of firewood at the same time. Before putting it in the oven, wet wood should be thoroughly dried by placing it in the oven.

Pros and cons of Russian stoves

One of the significant drawbacks of using this device is its high fuel consumption. This can become a significant expense item for the family budget. It should also be taken into account that the upper and middle parts of the structure become very hot. Very rarely, but still, it may not fit into the interior features of the space. There are many more advantages to using a stove.

Advantages of modern stove systems:

• long-term heat retention;
• wear resistance (average service life is about 30 years);
• reliability of use;
• beneficial effects on human health;
• the ability to heat large areas;
• convenience when preparing food and much more.

The stove not only makes the home special - from a design point of view, but also brings benefits. The food cooked in it is unique in taste, and the warmth emanating from it remains in the house for a long time.