Internal video surveillance cameras: types and their features

Indoor CCTV cameras provide clear images in real time. Some devices are so compact that they can be used for covert shooting, others are equipped with a microphone or IR illumination for night vision. The main types of devices, classification according to various criteria are described in detail in this article.

Types of cameras by signal processing method

An internal surveillance camera can have different devices, with one of the main ones being the method of processing and transmitting the signal. According to this parameter, all devices are divided into analog and digital.

Analog

Historically, these devices appeared first. They convert light energy hitting the lens optics into an electrical signal using a light-sensitive matrix. Although digital devices are common today, there are also analog cameras on the market.

Moreover, today they produce improved models with an analog high-definition signal (AHD). Its advantages include:

• the ability to transmit high-resolution images up to 1080p;
• the signal is transmitted over a distance of up to 500 m without installation on additional equipment;
• unlike digital cameras, the video does not freeze, the broadcast is “smooth”;
• sounds and video are transmitted over one cable, which minimizes interference;
• installation is quite simple;
• Even the oldest analog systems can be upgraded to the level of modern models.

However, analog models also have disadvantages:

• there is no way to store a large amount of video;
• possible interference from external electromagnetic fields (for example, from an antenna);
• There is no wide functionality that is typical for digital devices.

Digital

These types of indoor CCTV cameras are the most common. They work on a different principle, converting the incoming signal into binary code. Due to this, the use of such devices provides several advantages:

• high video resolution up to 4K;
• you can scale and process images in any way;
• wide functionality;
• can be freely configured, even at a distance.

If we talk about the disadvantages of digital cameras, the main disadvantage is the delay when broadcasting video. In addition, they cost noticeably higher than analogue ones.

Types of cameras by design features

When choosing cameras, you need to pay attention to design features. Their visibility and ease of use, as well as the ability to be installed in a specific location, depend on this. Based on this criterion, several types of models are distinguished:

1. Dome - mounted directly on the surface of the ceiling or wall. The body has the shape of a transparent hemisphere, reminiscent of a dome. Thanks to this, the lenses get a maximum viewing angle.
2. Cabinet-mounted indoor surveillance cameras are used both indoors and outdoors. They are mainly used to track a small area and obtain the clearest image possible. Some models have a zoom function.
3. Rotating structures track an object in motion, turning to follow its route.They are usually used to control large areas.
4. Compact devices - with their help it is convenient to carry out internal video surveillance.

When purchasing cameras, you should take into account the characteristics of the room where they will work. For example, for night vision it is necessary to consider devices with IR illumination, and for recording sound in a store - models equipped with a microphone. It is also worth paying attention to reviews. This will allow you to choose the best model in terms of price and quality.