What does a screwdriver look like: photo, operating principle, types, characteristics

A screwdriver (less commonly a screwdriver) is a household and professional tool for automatically tightening self-tapping screws. Powered by electric or pneumatic motor. This material describes what a screwdriver looks like and what types of devices there are.

Appearance and principle of operation

Externally, the device resembles a glue gun. It has a working part and a handle, as well as a removable battery for recharging. Different types of screwdrivers consist of the same elements:

1. The engine is electric or, less commonly, pneumatic. It powers the rotation mechanism.
2. Planetary gearbox - transmits the mechanical movement created by the engine to the spindle. A clamping chuck is installed to the latter.
3. Clutch for regulating rotation or depth of twisting. Can be installed before the gearbox.
4. The characteristics of a screwdriver are also affected by the electronic unit. It is equipped with a start button and a drive switch. The tool is used both for tightening screws and for unscrewing them.
5. Clamping chuck - allows you to connect working attachments, for example, drills, bits with a spindle.
6. If the tool is electric, it is also equipped with a battery that can be charged from the mains. Many models also run on batteries.

Disassembled tool

The operating principle of the device is quite simple. When you press the start button, the engine drives the planetary gearbox. It mechanically transmits the impulse to the shaft, which rotates the cartridge. As a result, it is possible to quickly and easily screw in self-tapping screws, screws or other fasteners.

Types of screwdrivers

If you study how screwdrivers differ, you should consider several criteria. So, according to the purpose and features of the equipment, the following can be distinguished:

1. The classic version is in most cases a hand tool. Used for screwing and unscrewing. Equipped with a clutch-regulator, it operates at several speeds, forward and reverse motion (reverse) is possible.
2. With adjustable screw depth. If we talk about what a screwdriver with such a function is for, you can pay attention to the fact that it is most often used for working with drywall. Operates from mains or battery drive.
3. The cordless screwdriver is a compact, low-power device with a spindle lock. It can be used for additional tightening or unscrewing. It is often equipped with a clutch-regulator, but does not have a jaw chuck.
4. If we consider what types of screwdrivers there are, we should also highlight the impact wrench. It tightens and unscrews nuts and bolts. Moreover, this can be either a manual device or heavy equipment. Works in normal and pulse mode. Typically not used for drilling.
5. A screwdriver is a screwdriver, the description of which contains the following basic characteristics: equipped with a hexagonal holder and shank. Mainly used for working with self-tapping screws.
6. A drill-driver is a tool with a wider range of tasks.It can be used to make holes, screw and unscrew screws and other fasteners.

Depending on the scope of use, all types of screwdrivers can be divided into professional and household. The former are more expensive, but they are more stable, operate without overheating, and allow you to screw and unscrew self-tapping screws on a serial scale.

Household power tools are more affordable. They are noticeably lighter in weight; you can use such a device even without experience. But you can’t count on long-term service.

Finally, all types of screwdrivers can be divided depending on equipment:

1. With a torque coupling - this is a special ring with a scale. Regulates torque so that the device does not work at the limit and does not overheat.
2. Screwing depth limiter - as a rule, installed on professional devices. Helps determine the required depth in advance, which is very convenient.

For domestic use, a conventional cordless screwdriver is suitable, the characteristics of which are described in the next section.

Main characteristics

When choosing a device for home or work, you need to study the functions of a screwdriver and its main parameters. Power, scope of application, durability and reliability depend on them.

Torque

The technical characteristics of a screwdriver are related to its torque. This determines the depth to which the self-tapping screw can be screwed in, as well as the diameter of the holes in wood or other materials. Torque can be soft, hard or long lasting. This refers to the value that develops and maintains the device over a long period of time.

Power supply

When looking at all types of screwdrivers from the photo, you should pay attention to the power source. Depending on this, all tools are divided into battery-powered and mains-powered. The first ones are the most common in everyday life - they are not connected to an outlet and can be moved to any place. On the other hand, network devices are more powerful.

If you study everything about screwdrivers, you will notice that the battery has several characteristics:

1. Voltage (from 3.6 to 36.0 volts) - power and torque depend on it.
2. Capacity (from 1.3 to 6.0 Ah) - the larger it is, the longer the tool will work without recharging.
3. Another way to choose a screwdriver is to find out what type of battery is used. Lithium-ion is best.

Advice

If necessaryA continuous operation of the equipment for a significant amount of time, it is better to purchase it immediatelyWithyou second battery.

Speed ​​Modes

To select a screwdriver in the characteristics and description, pay attention to the speed modes - there are 3 in total:

1. Up to 800 rpm at idle.
2. With 2 modes - for screwing (up to 400 revolutions) and for drilling (up to 1300 revolutions).
3. Three speeds are a rare option, used in the professional field.

Spindle lock

If you choose a cordless screwdriver, its technical characteristics should be studied especially carefully for the possibility of spindle locking. If there is an appropriate mechanism, you can easily replace the attachments in the chuck, since the chuck itself only needs to be held with one hand.

Reverse

Almost all tools can both tighten screws and unscrew them. For this purpose, the reverse mode is used, which can be turned on by pressing one button on the handle.

Thus, in appearance the device resembles a pistol with a handle and a working mechanism. To understand the classification, you should study all the names of screwdrivers. Among them there are screwdrivers, cordless screwdrivers, drills and others.